Benutzer:Entropy/Wahlen/AVNRW13
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Zusammenfassung
Achtung: die Analyse ist noch nicht fertig.
Analyse von https://wiki.piratenpartei.de/NRW:Aufstellungsversammlung_2013.1/Ergebnisse
- Wahlverfahren https://wiki.piratenpartei.de/NRW:Aufstellungsversammlung_2013.1/Wahlordnung/Verfahren_1
- Auszählverfahren http://wiki.piratenpartei.de/Benutzer:Piratenschlumpf/Auszaehlverfahren
Für mehr Details siehe AVB13.
Bewertungswahl, aka Range oder Score voting (Original-Ergebnis)
siehe auch Bewertungswahl
Das Verfahren kann ohne weiteres manuell ausgewertet werden.
- 6.24 Punkte: Melanie Kalkowski
- 5.42 Punkte: Udo Vetter
- 4.78 Punkte: Thomas Weijers
- 4.55 Punkte: Jens Seipenbusch
- 4.50 Punkte: Christina Worm
- 4.38 Punkte: Markus Kompa
- 4.26 Punkte: Andreas Graaf
- 4.16 Punkte: Markus Barenhoff
- 4.01 Punkte: Andreas Rohde
- 3.94 Punkte: Alexander Reintzsch
- 3.82 Punkte: Achim Müller
- 3.77 Punkte: Valentin Brückel
- 3.72 Punkte: Patrick Schiffer
- 3.35 Punkte: Isabelle Sandow
- 3.18 Punkte: Uwe Stein
- 3.17 Punkte: Pascal Powroznik
- 3.03 Punkte: Mike Nolte
- 2.80 Punkte: Thomas Küppers
- 2.76 Punkte: Sven Sladek
- 2.73 Punkte: René Röderstein
- 2.68 Punkte: Tobias Stephan
- 2.51 Punkte: Dieter McDevitt
- 2.41 Punkte: Stephanie Nöther
- 2.32 Punkte: Dr. Robert Arnold
- 2.21 Punkte: Christopher Schrage
- 2.14 Punkte: Christian Nissen
- 2.05 Punkte: Holger Hennig
- 2.00 Punkte: Marc Salgert
Approval voting mit Enthaltung
Hätte man die Punkte ignoriert und lediglich nach Ja(1-9) und Nein(0) Stimmen ausgewertet, würde sich folgende Reihenfolge ergeben. Dabei wurde primär nach der Differenz Ja-Nein Stimmen und sekundär nach Ja-Stimmen sortiert um Enthaltungen zu berücksichtigen. Man könnte auch nach durchschnittlicher Zustimmung sortieren, das Ergebnis wurde sich aber kaum unterscheiden.
Das Verfahren kann ohne weiteres manuell ausgewertet werden.
Im folgenden sind die Original-Plätze nach Bewertungswahl immer in Klammern angegeben.
- (01) Differenz=229 (Ja 274)= 85.9%: Melanie Kalkowski
- (02) Differenz=191 (Ja 256)= 79.8%: Udo Vetter
- (03) Differenz=174 (Ja 242)= 78.1%: Thomas Weijers
- (06) Differenz=161 (Ja 237)= 75.7%: Markus Kompa
- (04) Differenz=148 (Ja 234)= 73.1%: Jens Seipenbusch
- (07) Differenz=143 (Ja 228)= 72.8%: Andreas Graaf
- (05) Differenz=140 (Ja 224)= 72.7%: Christina Worm
- (08) Differenz=136 (Ja 226)= 71.5%: Markus Barenhoff
- (09) Differenz=128 (Ja 219)= 70.6%: Andreas Rohde
- (13) Differenz=125 (Ja 216)= 70.4%: Patrick Schiffer
- (11) Differenz=105 (Ja 206)= 67.1%: Achim Müller
- (12) Differenz=102 (Ja 204)= 66.7%: Valentin Brückel
- (15) Differenz=96 (Ja 200)= 65.8%: Uwe Stein
- (10) Differenz=95 (Ja 205)= 65.1%: Alexander Reintzsch
- (16) Differenz=93 (Ja 198)= 65.3%: Pascal Powroznik
- (14) Differenz=84 (Ja 199)= 63.4%: Isabelle Sandow
- (22) Differenz=81 (Ja 194)= 63.2%: Dieter McDevitt
- (20) Differenz=70 (Ja 187)= 61.5%: René Röderstein
- (21) Differenz=64 (Ja 186)= 60.4%: Tobias Stephan
- (18) Differenz=61 (Ja 188)= 59.7%: Thomas Küppers
- (19) Differenz=50 (Ja 183)= 57.9%: Sven Sladek
- (26) Differenz=50 (Ja 175)= 58.3%: Christian Nissen
- (24) Differenz=44 (Ja 172)= 57.3%: Dr. Robert Arnold
- (25) Differenz=43 (Ja 173)= 57.1%: Christopher Schrage
- (17) Differenz=38 (Ja 178)= 56.0%: Mike Nolte
- (28) Differenz=13 (Ja 155)= 52.2%: Marc Salgert
- (23) Differenz=11 (Ja 159)= 51.8%: Stephanie Nöther
- (27) Differenz=4 (Ja 155)= 50.7%: Holger Hennig
Relative Mehrheitswahl - Eine Stimme pro Wähler
siehe auch Mehrheitswahl
Das klassische Wahlverfahren der relativen Mehrheitswahl, das z.B. auch bei der Wahl der Wahlkreisbewerber bei der Bundestagswahl zum Einsatz kommt, sieht nur eine Stimme pro Wähler vor. Es benachteiligt Minderheiten. Es ist zwar das einfachste, aber auch das am wenigsten zufriedenstellende Wahlverfahren, da der Wähler
- nicht angeben kann, dass er mehrere Kandidaten gut findet
- Gefahr läuft seine Stimme zu verschwenden, wenn er sie einem vermutlich aussichtslosen Kandidaten gibt
- eine kleine, gut kordinierte relative Mehrheit die Wahl gewinnen kann
- und sich ähnliche Kandidaten Stimmen "klauen"
Eine solche Wahl wurde hier simuliert, indem jeder Wähler nur dem Kandidaten (mit einfacher Mehrheit im Approval), den er mit dem höchsten Rang bewertet hatte, seine Stimme gab. Wurde mehrere Kandidaten von ihm als Favorit bewertet, wurde die Stimme virtuell auf diese aufgeteilt, so als wären alle möglichen Kombinationen ausprobiert und deren Durchschnitt berechnet worden (daher die Nachkommastellen). Die Kandidaten sind nach der Summe ihrer Stimmen sortiert.
Das Verfahren kann ohne weiteres manuell ausgewertet werden.
- (01) 38.5 Stimmen: Melanie Kalkowski
- (02) 25.5 Stimmen: Udo Vetter
- (04) 17.6 Stimmen: Jens Seipenbusch
- (05) 16.8 Stimmen: Christina Worm
- (03) 16.2 Stimmen: Thomas Weijers
- (10) 14.9 Stimmen: Alexander Reintzsch
- (07) 12.1 Stimmen: Andreas Graaf
- (06) 12.0 Stimmen: Markus Kompa
- (12) 11.5 Stimmen: Valentin Brückel
- (14) 11.2 Stimmen: Isabelle Sandow
- (17) 10.8 Stimmen: Mike Nolte
- (09) 10.4 Stimmen: Andreas Rohde
- (11) 10.4 Stimmen: Achim Müller
- (18) 10.0 Stimmen: Thomas Küppers
- (08) 9.4 Stimmen: Markus Barenhoff
- (13) 7.3 Stimmen: Patrick Schiffer
- (19) 7.3 Stimmen: Sven Sladek
- (16) 6.0 Stimmen: Pascal Powroznik
- (15) 5.4 Stimmen: Uwe Stein
- (20) 5.4 Stimmen: René Röderstein
- (27) 5.4 Stimmen: Holger Hennig
- (21) 5.3 Stimmen: Tobias Stephan
- (23) 4.9 Stimmen: Stephanie Nöther
- (22) 4.3 Stimmen: Dieter McDevitt
- (24) 4.0 Stimmen: Dr. Robert Arnold
- (26) 3.1 Stimmen: Christian Nissen
- (28) 2.6 Stimmen: Marc Salgert
- (25) 2.2 Stimmen: Christopher Schrage
Iteratives Instant-Runoff Voting
siehe auch Instant-Runoff-Voting/Rangfolgewahl
IRV ist ein verbessertes Mehrheitswahlverfahren zur Bestimmung eines einzelnen Gewinners, bei der Stimmen nicht verloren gehen, da man auch seine 2., 3. usw Präferenz als "Ersatzstimmen" angeben kann, die zum Zuge kommen, falls die vorderen Präferenzen die Wahl verlieren.
Dazu wurde hier nacheinander jeder Platz ermittelt, indem die bisherigen Gewinner aus der Wahl ausschieden. Die Kandidaten, die im approval nicht die einfache Mehrheit erreichten, wurden erst am Ende herausgefiltert, um die Ersatzstimmen angemessen zu verwerten.
Das Verfahren kann auch zwar manuell ausgewertet werden, ist aber relativ aufwendig.
- (01) Melanie Kalkowski
- (02) Udo Vetter
- (05) Christina Worm
- (04) Jens Seipenbusch
- (03) Thomas Weijers
- (10) Alexander Reintzsch
- (07) Andreas Graaf
- (06) Markus Kompa
- (08) Markus Barenhoff
- (12) Valentin Brückel
- (09) Andreas Rohde
- (11) Achim Müller
- (14) Isabelle Sandow
- (13) Patrick Schiffer
- (17) Mike Nolte
- (16) Pascal Powroznik
- (15) Uwe Stein
- (19) Sven Sladek
- (18) Thomas Küppers
- (21) Tobias Stephan
- (23) Stephanie Nöther
- (20) René Röderstein
- (22) Dieter McDevitt
- (24) Dr. Robert Arnold
- (26) Christian Nissen
- (25) Christopher Schrage
- (27) Holger Hennig
- (28) Marc Salgert
Schulze-simple
Die Stimmen wurden zunächst nach Approval-Voting mit Enthaltung ausgewertet und Kandidaten ohne einfache Mehrheit (>0 vs. 0 Punkte) eliminiert. Die verbliebenden Kandidaten wurde mit Hilfe der Rangfolgen nach Punkten durch die Schulze-Methode in eine Reihenfolge gebracht. Es sei hier zu erwähnen, dass bei der Schulze-Methode keine Enthaltung möglich ist und "kein Rang" als "letzter Rang" gewertet wird. Daher wurden die Enthaltung stets vor den 0-Stimmen eingereiht. Bei Gleichstand wären Stichwahlen notwendig gewesen.
Die Ergebnisse sind auf Grund der Komplexität der Schulze-Methode mit vertretbarem Zeitaufwand nur mit dem Computer auswertbar und insbesondere bei den hinteren Plätzen kaum intuitiv nachvollziehbar.
- (01) Melanie Kalkowski
- (02) Udo Vetter
- (03) Thomas Weijers
- (04) Jens Seipenbusch
- (05) Christina Worm
- (06) Markus Kompa
- (07) Andreas Graaf
- (08) Markus Barenhoff
- (13) Patrick Schiffer
- (10) Alexander Reintzsch
- (09) Andreas Rohde
- (11) Achim Müller
- (12) Valentin Brückel
- (14) Isabelle Sandow
- (16) Pascal Powroznik
- (15) Uwe Stein
- (17) Mike Nolte
- (19) Sven Sladek
- (18) Thomas Küppers
- (21) Tobias Stephan
- (22) Dieter McDevitt
- (20) René Röderstein
- (25) Christopher Schrage
- (23) Stephanie Nöther
- (24) Dr. Robert Arnold
- (26) Christian Nissen
- (27) Holger Hennig
- (28) Marc Salgert
Hätte man die Kandidaten ohne einfache Mehrheit erst am Ende aussortiert, hätten sich nur Platz 27 und 28 vertauscht.
Vergleich Verhältniswahlverfahren
für mehr Details
Beschränktes Kumulieren (Pseudo-Verhältniswahl)
siehe auch Kritik am Kumulieren
Hier wurde das Wahlverfahren, das häufig im LV Bayern zum Einsatz kam, simuliert. Dabei hat jeder Wähler 1/3 mehr Stimmen (37), als Plätze (hier 28) zu vergeben sind und kann diese beliebig auf die Kandidaten verteilen, jedoch maximal 3 Stimmen pro Kandidaten.
Dies ist ein semi-proportionales (also keine richtige Verhältniswahl) Verfahren, das prinzipiell die gleichen Schwächen wie die relative Mehrheitswahl aufweist, wenn auch in leicht abgeschwächter Form. Dadurch sollen Minderheiten bessere Chancen bekommen, auch ihren Kandidaten einen Platz zu verschaffen, wenn sie konsistent alle ihre Stimmen auf ihre Kandidaten konzentrieren. Anderseits haben ähnliche Kandidaten schlechtere Chancen, da die Wähler ihre Stimmen verteilen und sie sich untereinander Stimmen klauen ("vote splitting"). Diese Effekte, "vor denen ich gewarnt hatte", konnte man gut auf der BTW-AV in Bayern beobachten.
Für die Simulation wurde eine simple Heuristik verwendet: Die Punkte wurden auf 3 Ränge reduziert 1.) 9,8,7, 2.) 6,5,4, 3.) 3,2,1. Grundsätzlich wurde dem 1. Rang möglichst 3 Stimmen, dem 2. 2 Stimmen und den weiteren Ja-Rängen 1 Stimme vergeben, bis keine Stimmen mehr übrig waren. Gab es für die verbliebenen Kandidaten in einem Rang nicht mehr genügend Stimmen, wurde die Stimme pro Kandidat auf mindestens 1 reduziert. Reichte selbst diese nicht mehr, wurde die Stimmen anteilig auf die Kandidaten verteilt (daher die Nachkommastellen, wie bei der relativen Mehrheitswahl).
Das Verfahren kann auch manuell ausgewertet werden, es müssen aber Wähler und Auswertende die Stimmzahlbeschränkungen berücksichtigen.
- (01) 622.3 Stimmen: Melanie Kalkowski
- (02) 539.9 Stimmen: Udo Vetter
- (03) 451.5 Stimmen: Thomas Weijers
- (04) 443.8 Stimmen: Jens Seipenbusch
- (05) 408.6 Stimmen: Christina Worm
- (06) 406.8 Stimmen: Markus Kompa
- (07) 404.4 Stimmen: Andreas Graaf
- (08) 387.8 Stimmen: Markus Barenhoff
- (10) 377.6 Stimmen: Alexander Reintzsch
- (09) 361.1 Stimmen: Andreas Rohde
- (11) 339.8 Stimmen: Achim Müller
- (13) 339.3 Stimmen: Patrick Schiffer
- (12) 331.1 Stimmen: Valentin Brückel
- (14) 307.1 Stimmen: Isabelle Sandow
- (17) 281.9 Stimmen: Mike Nolte
- (15) 262.8 Stimmen: Uwe Stein
- (16) 257.4 Stimmen: Pascal Powroznik
- (18) 253.6 Stimmen: Thomas Küppers
- (19) 244.2 Stimmen: Sven Sladek
- (20) 232.0 Stimmen: René Röderstein
- (21) 230.2 Stimmen: Tobias Stephan
- (23) 200.3 Stimmen: Stephanie Nöther
- (22) 195.3 Stimmen: Dieter McDevitt
- (24) 190.7 Stimmen: Dr. Robert Arnold
- (25) 178.2 Stimmen: Christopher Schrage
- (26) 167.0 Stimmen: Christian Nissen
- (27) 163.2 Stimmen: Holger Hennig
- (28) 149.4 Stimmen: Marc Salgert
Reweighted Range Voting
siehe auch RRV
Hierbei handelt es sich um die Verhältniswahlversion der Bewertungswahl. Das Sainte-Lague Verfahren wurde für die Proportionalität verwendet. Die Kandidaten ohne einfache Mehrheit wurden am Ende eliminiert.
Für die Auswertung mit vertretbarem Zeitaufwand ist ein Computer notwendig. Das Prinzip selbst kann aber mit Beispielen leicht intuitiv nachvollzogen werden.
- (01) Melanie Kalkowski
- (02) Udo Vetter
- (03) Thomas Weijers
- (07) Andreas Graaf
- (04) Jens Seipenbusch
- (10) Alexander Reintzsch
- (06) Markus Kompa
- (05) Christina Worm
- (08) Markus Barenhoff
- (11) Achim Müller
- (18) Thomas Küppers
- (12) Valentin Brückel
- (14) Isabelle Sandow
- (09) Andreas Rohde
- (17) Mike Nolte
- (13) Patrick Schiffer
- (16) Pascal Powroznik
- (19) Sven Sladek
- (15) Uwe Stein
- (20) René Röderstein
- (23) Stephanie Nöther
- (21) Tobias Stephan
- (27) Holger Hennig
- (24) Dr. Robert Arnold
- (22) Dieter McDevitt
- (25) Christopher Schrage
- (26) Christian Nissen
- (28) Marc Salgert
Proportional Approval Voting
Dies ist die vereinfachte Version von RRV, bei nur Ja=1 und Nein=0 verwertet werden.
- (01) Melanie Kalkowski
- (02) Udo Vetter
- (07) Andreas Graaf
- (03) Thomas Weijers
- (14) Isabelle Sandow
- (18) Thomas Küppers
- (04) Jens Seipenbusch
- (06) Markus Kompa
- (17) Mike Nolte
- (08) Markus Barenhoff
- (13) Patrick Schiffer
- (10) Alexander Reintzsch
- (21) Tobias Stephan
- (11) Achim Müller
- (05) Christina Worm
- (12) Valentin Brückel
- (15) Uwe Stein
- (16) Pascal Powroznik
- (09) Andreas Rohde
- (20) René Röderstein
- (19) Sven Sladek
- (22) Dieter McDevitt
- (24) Dr. Robert Arnold
- (27) Holger Hennig
- (25) Christopher Schrage
- (23) Stephanie Nöther
- (26) Christian Nissen
- (28) Marc Salgert
Meek STV
siehe auch Übertragbare Einzelstimmgebung (STV)
STV ist die Verhältniswahlversion von IRV. Die Meek Methode als STV-Variante erlaubt insbesondere Kandidaten den gleichen Rang zu vergeben und vermeidet einige Problem von einfacheren STV Methoden. Allerdings ist sie aufwendiger auszuwerten und benötigt einen Computer.
Dazu wurde hier nacheinander jeder Platz ermittelt, indem die Anzahl der Sitze nacheinander erhöht wurde. Die Kandidaten, die im approval nicht die einfache Mehrheit erreichten, wurden erst am Ende herausgefiltert, um die Ersatzstimmen angemessen zu verwerten.
- (01) Melanie Kalkowski
- (02) Udo Vetter
- (04) Jens Seipenbusch
- (03) Thomas Weijers
- (05) Christina Worm
- (10) Alexander Reintzsch
- (06) Markus Kompa
- (07) Andreas Graaf
- (09) Andreas Rohde
- *(08) Markus Barenhoff (Stichwahl)
- *(17) Mike Nolte
- **(11) Achim Müller (Stichwahl)
- **(12) Valentin Brückel
- (14) Isabelle Sandow
- (13) Patrick Schiffer
- (18) Thomas Küppers
- (19) Sven Sladek
- (16) Pascal Powroznik
- (15) Uwe Stein
- (20) René Röderstein
- (24) Dr. Robert Arnold
- (27) Holger Hennig
- (23) Stephanie Nöther
- (21) Tobias Stephan
- (22) Dieter McDevitt
- (26) Christian Nissen
- (25) Christopher Schrage
- (28) Marc Salgert
Schulze Proportional Ranking
siehe auch Schulze STV.
Dies ist ein von Markus Schulze, dem Erfinder der Schulze-Methode, entwickeltes Verhältniswahlverfahren auf Basis der Schulze-Methode, das speziell für die Aufstellung von Parteilisten gedacht ist. Es verhindert einige übliche Wahltaktiken, ist aber besonders rechenaufwendig. Leider ist keine Enthaltung möglich, so dass Kandidaten ohne Rang auf dem letzten Rang landen.
Hier wurde die Kandidaten mit Enhaltung vor denen mit 0 Punkten eingereiht. Die Kandidaten ohne einfache Mehrheit wurden aus der Liste eliminiert.
Das Verfahren kann ausschliesslich mit Computern ausgewertet werden und ist besonders kompliziert.
- (01) Melanie Kalkowski
- (02) Udo Vetter
- (04) Jens Seipenbusch
- (10) Alexander Reintzsch
- (03) Thomas Weijers
- (05) Christina Worm
- (06) Markus Kompa
- (07) Andreas Graaf
- (14) Isabelle Sandow
- (08) Markus Barenhoff
- (17) Mike Nolte
- (09) Andreas Rohde
- (12) Valentin Brückel
- (18) Thomas Küppers
- (11) Achim Müller
- (19) Sven Sladek
- (13) Patrick Schiffer
- (27) Holger Hennig
- (21) Tobias Stephan
- (24) Dr. Robert Arnold
- (23) Stephanie Nöther
- (16) Pascal Powroznik
- (15) Uwe Stein
- (20) René Röderstein
- (22) Dieter McDevitt
- (28) Marc Salgert
- (26) Christian Nissen
- (25) Christopher Schrage
Rohdaten
CSV-Format, 1.Zeile Kandidatennamen, leeres Feld=Enthaltung
Hans-Immanuel Herbers,Melanie Kalkowski,René Röderstein,Tobias Stephan,Dieter McDevitt,Jens Seipenbusch,Markus Kompa,Christopher Schrage,Pia Hermans,Andreas Graaf,Dr. Robert Arnold,Markus Barenhoff,Alexander Reintzsch,Christina Worm,Patrick Schiffer,Christian Nissen,Felix Coeln,Manfred Schramm,Thomas Weijers,Udo Vetter,Pascal Powroznik,Achim Müller,Heike Wegner,Mike Nolte,Ali Kaya,Jens Stahlmann,Stefan Kottas,Thomas Küppers,Sven Sladek,Christoph,Daniel Horz,Uwe Stein,René Rottmann,Stephanie Nöther,Sabine Martiny,Marc Salgert,Andreas Rohde,Holger Hennig,Isabelle Sandow,Valentin Brückel,Inge Schmidt-Barthel,Fotios Amanatides ,,,,5,8,2,,,,,9,,,,9,7,,,,,,,,,,,2,6,,,,,,,,9,,1,,0, 4,9,7,4,4,8,8,4,0,9,2,9,2,9,7,3,2,1,3,7,7,6,6,9,1,2,7,9,3,6,,2,5,4,3,5,8,5,6,9,1, 8,0,9,0,5,9,9,0,0,8,5,8,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,9,0,5,0,0,0,0,5,5,0,0,,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,0,8,1, 1,9,0,1,1,2,0,1,0,9,1,3,8,9,6,2,4,0,6,7,3,0,3,0,2,0,5,0,6,0,,2,1,5,4,4,5,1,0,4,1, 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0,9,5,0,0,4,1,7,0,4,4,6,0,8,0,0,0,0,8,2,7,0,3,7,0,0,1,7,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,7,0,6,0,1 4,8,6,3,9,9,8,7,9,9,,1,1,9,9,9,1,8,9,9,0,9,4,0,4,1,,1,9,4,0,5,1,1,6,6,8,7,9,9,1,0 ,,,,,9,9,,,,8,,9,,,,,,,9,,,,5,,,,,0,,0,,,,0,,,,,,5, 1,7,4,9,8,3,2,3,2,9,6,6,6,9,9,5,3,3,9,8,8,6,3,9,3,3,2,9,7,0,0,7,3,7,7,3,3,5,0,3,0, 0,9,0,3,0,0,0,1,1,7,0,0,4,6,5,0,0,0,0,8,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 ,,5,7,5,8,6,5,,,,6,5,,,,,,,3,,,,9,0,,,,3,9,0,,,0,,,5,9,8,,,9 0,9,0,0,3,6,2,0,0,2,0,2,9,9,2,9,0,0,9,1,7,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,6,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 6,6,6,5,5,1,4,3,2,3,0,6,0,5,5,3,2,2,3,8,9,3,5,9,3,2,2,1,8,0,0,3,6,5,6,4,3,4,7,9,5,0 0,9,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,1,3,0,0,0 2,9,9,5,5,9,9,5,9,9,2,9,9,9,5,5,9,5,5,9,9,0,9,0,5,2,5,9,5,9,5,9,0,9,0,5,5,9,9,9,0,0 0,9,9,0,0,9,9,0,0,9,0,9,0,9,9,0,9,0,9,9,9,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,,9,0,0,9,0,9,0,9,9,0, 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6,7,7,5,5,7,7,6,3,9,3,6,7,8,7,3,7,0,6,9,4,5,6,7,0,0,0,5,7,4,,7,5,6,6,5,7,6,7,9,5, 1,9,3,6,2,8,9,2,3,4,2,9,9,9,9,7,0,0,9,9,7,7,1,1,0,0,0,5,6,6,,6,3,6,4,0,7,1,7,9,0, 3,1,5,2,3,9,2,1,0,1,6,1,9,9,9,6,5,3,9,9,2,4,3,3,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,6,1,5,0,0,9,0,0 0,9,1,1,9,0,1,1,1,1,2,0,2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0,0 ,5,,,,,5,,,9,,8,7,,,,7,,,5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0,8,5,7,9,0,8,0,6,9,0,0,8,7,3,4,0,0,0,0,4,1,0,0,0,0,0,9,9,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,7,2,0,7,0,0 0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,7,0,0,9,9,6,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,3,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,7,0,1,0,0,0 1,9,9,3,3,4,2,1,0,9,1,9,1,4,5,1,9,0,5,7,9,3,1,0,1,1,0,0,3,5,,0,4,3,1,7,5,1,5,9,0, 0,,,5,,5,9,,,9,,9,9,9,,,,,,9,,,,5,1,,,5,5,0,,,,1,5,,,,,,,0 0,9,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,7,3,5,0,2,6,1,0,8,0,0,0,4,6,2,0,0,2,9,0,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,6,0,0,0,0,7,0,0,8,0, 0,6,8,0,1,1,0,0,0,3,2,5,9,2,2,0,0,0,8,2,1,0,0,7,0,0,0,6,0,0,0,8,0,0,0,9,0,3,4,0,0,0 0,0,1,1,5,0,0,0,0,9,9,1,0,9,9,0,5,5,1,9,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,,5,0,0,5,1,0,0,9,9,0, 0,9,1,1,1,1,1,1,5,5,1,3,1,9,5,1,0,3,1,1,1,5,9,5,1,0,1,1,1,9,1,1,1,1,1,1,5,1,5,1,0,1 0,0,0,0,9,0,9,0,0,9,0,0,5,0,0,9,0,0,9,9,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0 ,,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0 0,9,1,1,0,0,3,1,0,9,0,9,5,9,9,0,0,3,5,7,1,7,0,5,0,1,0,9,9,1,,1,1,1,6,0,9,0,9,0,0,0 2,2,7,2,2,2,9,2,2,7,2,7,0,2,2,2,2,2,2,7,2,2,9,2,2,2,5,2,9,2,,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,7,2, 4,7,0,5,2,9,6,7,1,0,0,0,0,6,2,1,0,0,6,7,1,8,1,8,3,2,1,7,2,1,0,7,0,4,2,0,6,3,2,9,2,9 0,0,5,0,2,3,4,0,0,7,0,6,0,9,7,8,0,0,8,0,4,1,0,8,0,0,0,3,5,7,9,5,0,0,5,5,7,0,0,8,0,9 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 4,8,5,9,5,3,9,9,9,9,2,0,0,7,4,3,5,6,9,9,9,9,6,9,4,9,0,4,0,4,0,9,5,6,9,6,9,9,9,0,9,0 0,9,9,1,1,0,3,4,1,0,0,4,0,7,1,1,1,0,1,3,1,0,1,0,0,1,8,9,0,9,,1,5,0,1,1,1,1,9,9,0,0 0,,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,4,9,0,9,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,9,0,0,0,3,9,9,9,,5,0,3,3,0,9,0,,0,0,0 0,7,5,3,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,5,0,0,0,0,0,5,7,5,7,1,3,0,1,0,5,0,0,,5,0,0,0,0,7,0,5,0,1, 0,9,4,0,9,2,1,0,1,9,0,0,,9,0,9,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0, 0,9,0,4,9,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,9,9,0,0,9,9,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,9 0,9,4,2,0,1,1,0,0,9,9,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,1,1,1,9,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,,9,0,0,4,0,5,5,0,0,0, ,,,,,5,,,,9,,,5,,,,,6,,2,,3,0,2,1,0,0,1,2,1,0,4,,0,0,,9,6,,2,,5 2,8,1,7,4,7,8,2,0,7,3,7,4,5,3,1,4,2,7,7,2,4,0,7,3,1,1,5,6,8,,2,1,7,6,6,2,1,9,3,0, 0,4,0,1,0,2,8,0,0,2,2,1,9,1,4,2,4,1,5,7,6,9,0,9,0,2,1,6,0,0,0,9,0,0,6,0,6,0,0,3,0,0 9,9,1,0,5,3,1,0,1,0,1,0,5,9,7,9,0,1,9,9,3,0,0,0,0,1,2,0,1,0,9,0,1,0,0,1,5,0,0,9,0,0 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,1,1,3,1,9,3,1,9,0,0,1,5,7,5,0,1,1,5,2,0,9,1,3,0,1,5,1,1,1,,3,9,0,0,2,7,3,0,1,0, 0,9,1,0,1,0,2,1,1,7,1,7,1,1,1,3,1,3,1,8,1,3,0,1,1,1,3,0,1,0,0,3,3,3,1,3,9,1,8,1,5,0 3,6,3,0,8,9,8,1,0,5,7,1,6,0,8,4,0,0,5,8,4,1,0,6,0,6,5,4,,0,0,7,1,0,0,5,5,2,0,6,4,0 1,9,1,5,1,1,3,1,1,1,1,5,1,9,1,1,1,1,9,1,5,1,1,1,1,1,1,5,1,1,1,2,1,5,1,1,1,1,1,1,1, 2,7,,5,2,7,7,3,3,7,4,5,2,3,7,2,1,7,8,7,5,6,2,4,2,1,4,8,5,2,2,5,1,3,1,1,9,3,2,6,0,7 0,9,7,8,3,8,7,3,3,7,6,6,0,8,6,0,0,0,8,9,7,7,0,9,0,0,0,3,0,0,0,6,0,7,0,7,3,0,3,6,0,0 0,1,0,0,3,8,8,0,0,8,0,7,9,5,7,0,0,0,3,9,3,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,6,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,7,0,0,5,0,0 0,9,0,0,9,0,9,0,3,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,9,9,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,9,0,0,9,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9 4,9,1,7,2,9,8,0,1,5,6,1,8,9,1,2,1,5,8,9,6,9,0,5,1,1,0,2,3,2,0,1,9,5,1,4,8,0,9,7,1,0 1,9,1,,,5,,9,0,1,1,,0,1,9,,,,3,9,,9,2,8,1,,,2,,2,0,9,,0,5,,1,0,5,9,1, 0,9,0,0,0,9,5,0,0,0,9,0,0,9,9,0,0,0,9,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9 0,9,0,0,0,9,1,5,3,1,1,0,0,9,5,0,0,0,9,9,0,9,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,6,0,1,5,0,3 6,8,6,2,4,9,8,8,7,8,1,8,9,7,7,4,8,0,6,9,7,6,4,9,6,3,0,8,6,2,,3,6,4,3,,5,,7,6,5, 0,9,4,6,3,7,8,6,8,6,6,9,0,9,4,4,0,0,9,9,5,8,0,6,0,0,4,7,0,0,,5,9,1,5,3,8,7,7,9,0, 0,7,1,3,1,1,1,3,1,1,9,,,1,2,,,1,1,6,,0,0,0,4,,0,1,0,0,2,1,,1,1,9,0,0,0,6,0,0 1,9,5,2,0,0,9,0,0,0,2,9,0,9,1,4,0,0,5,9,0,6,0,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,9,0,0,1,0,9,6,0,0 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 3,5,1,0,0,9,5,0,0,9,9,9,2,0,9,0,5,0,0,1,1,0,0,9,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,9,2,0,0,9,2,5,2,2,0,0 0,9,0,7,3,9,3,8,0,8,0,5,0,9,8,3,0,0,8,3,0,9,0,3,0,0,0,8,3,0,0,3,0,7,3,0,7,3,3,0,0,0 0,9,0,0,4,0,4,0,0,5,0,3,8,9,9,5,0,0,4,0,3,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,2,0,0,0,1,1,3,0,1,6,0,0,0 0,9,1,1,9,0,1,0,4,1,1,0,0,0,1,6,1,1,8,3,0,0,1,1,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,1,7,0,1,,1,3,0,1,1,0 0,9,9,3,9,9,2,9,2,9,,9,9,,9,,9,,9,9,9,,5,0,2,,,9,9,9,0,,,9,,,9,5,9,9,,0 0,7,3,0,3,3,0,3,0,3,0,5,9,5,9,0,9,0,9,0,9,0,9,3,0,0,0,9,5,9,,0,0,9,0,3,0,3,7,9,0, 6,5,5,3,4,7,8,5,1,5,4,7,3,2,3,2,4,3,5,6,7,6,3,2,3,2,0,4,4,7,4,4,3,5,5,7,8,1,9,6,0,2 1,4,0,4,1,0,0,1,0,5,9,0,1,9,9,0,0,0,0,4,1,5,1,5,1,0,0,0,1,0,,5,0,0,1,0,2,0,3,9,0, 3,9,4,6,6,8,9,5,4,8,7,7,7,7,6,5,2,3,6,9,3,4,4,0,3,1,1,5,0,1,,4,3,0,0,4,5,1,4,8,0, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,9,0,0,0 0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,0,0,0 0,3,5,0,0,0,5,4,0,0,3,6,0,0,7,7,3,0,5,9,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,4,4,2,0 0,9,2,5,9,8,7,1,0,3,5,4,8,8,8,7,3,2,4,8,2,7,0,0,1,2,4,3,2,1,0,9,2,0,1,1,9,2,6,7,0,0 0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,2,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,9,0,0,0,9,1,9,0 1,9,9,9,4,0,4,0,4,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,9,0,4,9,5,5,5,0,0,0,5,9,0,0,,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,9,9,5, 0,0,0,0,,5,5,0,0,1,0,0,4,0,0,4,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0 0,7,2,4,3,9,6,3,5,7,0,3,9,2,6,0,0,1,5,9,0,9,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,0,,5,2,7,2,0,8,4,7,1,0, 0,8,1,7,1,7,6,4,0,7,1,3,1,7,5,0,0,0,9,8,1,7,1,5,1,0,0,5,4,1,9,4,0,0,0,0,6,0,1,1,0,9 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,2,0,0,0,1,0,0,3,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0 0,9,1,3,0,0,4,3,0,8,0,7,9,9,6,2,9,4,4,9,9,0,0,0,4,3,9,6,3,3,,5,0,7,0,0,0,0,4,9,0, 0,8,0,0,0,4,2,1,0,7,0,4,6,7,2,2,0,0,6,6,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,,2,0,1,0,0,1,0,2,5,0, 5,5,5,2,9,5,5,5,2,2,5,2,5,9,0,0,5,0,6,6,5,6,0,5,0,2,0,2,5,0,,2,5,9,5,5,5,5,1,2,0,2 0,7,7,5,8,8,8,5,9,8,5,6,8,8,8,0,8,4,0,8,0,0,0,0,0,7,0,0,0,0,0,8,8,0,0,0,8,0,0,0,0,0 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0,9,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,5,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,0 ,,,,,,,,,,,1,,,,,,,,,,,0,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2,, 0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0 0,9,0,0,9,9,5,0,1,7,0,0,6,9,8,0,0,0,9,9,0,0,0,3,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,4 0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 ,,8,,,,,,,,,,,,,,9,,,,,,,7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6, 0,9,0,4,2,9,9,0,0,3,2,7,7,0,3,4,0,0,9,9,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,6,0,0,7,5,0,0 0,5,0,5,0,6,9,0,4,7,3,9,9,0,9,0,7,0,0,9,5,3,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,2,4,9,0,4,4,0,9,9,0,0 0,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 3,8,5,7,2,5,5,4,4,5,4,4,7,9,6,5,4,6,7,7,6,0,1,5,4,3,3,2,7,5,0,4,5,6,5,7,5,9,4,5,1,0 0,0,,4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0,,,,4,0,,4,4,9,9,0,0,,,,0,,,0,9,,, ,9,,,6,5,,,,,,8,,,,,3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3,6,4,1,1,9,6,5,4,5,7,7,5,9,9,3,1,2,7,9,6,4,1,1,1,4,3,2,2,1,,5,4,1,8,5,7,1,1,3,1,0 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0,9,9,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,9,9,0,0,0,0,9,9,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,9 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0,,, 0,8,5,2,2,4,7,1,1,0,9,8,1,9,9,1,2,0,9,1,6,2,0,2,3,0,0,4,0,6,0,9,1,0,0,9,0,6,9,0,1,0 0,9,1,1,1,7,9,1,5,9,1,5,1,9,5,1,0,1,1,9,1,5,5,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,5,1,1,5,1,9,1,0,0 0,9,0,9,0,5,9,0,0,0,0,0,9,9,6,0,0,0,5,9,5,5,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,9,0,0 0,9,2,5,3,5,6,7,3,3,2,6,4,1,6,1,1,0,7,9,5,6,3,1,1,0,1,7,3,2,,9,1,2,6,1,2,1,,,, 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0 4,6,5,0,0,9,9,1,0,0,0,9,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,5,0,0,0,0,0,9,1,1,1,0,,0,1,9,0,1,1,0,0,9,0,0 0,5,0,3,4,9,2,0,0,4,2,9,9,3,2,0,0,0,2,9,9,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,,0,5,0,0,0,5,3,0,0,0,0 0,9,0,6,0,9,9,0,9,7,0,9,9,9,6,0,0,4,9,9,0,6,7,8,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,9,5,9,0,0,9,0,5,0,3,9 0,9,0,9,0,1,1,0,0,9,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,9,0,9,0,0,0,9,0,0,1,9,0,5,9,0,9,9,1,0,0,9 4,9,0,9,0,0,4,3,0,3,0,0,0,9,2,2,0,2,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,9,3,0,0,2,3,9,0,3,3,0,0 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0,3,0,9,0,9,3,0,0,0,0,9,9,0,0,0,2,0,4,9,5,9,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,9,0,0,4,9,9,5,5,0,0,0 2,7,1,0,0,1,0,3,0,6,0,1,2,0,0,0,2,1,9,1,0,0,0,0,1,3,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,9,4,0,0,0,7,9,0 0,9,0,5,7,5,7,7,5,8,5,8,9,5,6,5,6,5,2,5,5,9,5,2,5,7,9,9,9,5,5,9,5,3,3,9,6,7,9,5,6,5 0,9,7,0,0,9,6,0,0,0,5,0,7,0,5,0,0,0,0,8,4,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,0,3,0,9,0,6,0,5,0,0,0,0 0,9,3,0,3,3,0,3,0,3,6,0,0,3,0,9,0,3,3,6,0,3,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,3,0,0,0,9,0,9,5,0,0 0,9,9,0,0,9,6,0,0,1,0,0,6,6,4,0,0,0,6,9,0,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,0,0,5,1,0,0,2,0,0,0,0 0,9,1,3,9,9,4,1,0,9,2,3,7,5,9,7,1,1,7,1,3,8,0,9,0,0,1,3,2,0,,9,3,0,3,2,4,9,0,4,0,9 0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0 0,9,1,4,3,5,5,1,0,9,3,7,7,9,8,1,0,0,9,6,5,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,7,7,0,9,1,3,3,1,0,7,0,0 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,9,9,0,0,0,9,9,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,9,0 3,9,1,0,3,2,6,2,0,0,0,9,2,4,7,2,0,1,8,2,0,6,3,3,0,2,0,0,6,1,5,7,1,0,0,1,8,0,2,3,4,0 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0,9,0,4,5,0,0,0,0,6,2,4,9,3,0,0,0,2,9,2,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,9,0,0,0,0,0 1,9,2,3,0,0,3,0,0,4,0,3,0,5,7,6,0,0,7,1,5,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,0,6,0,0 0,7,5,0,5,7,5,1,9,7,0,1,9,1,1,0,0,0,7,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,,5,9,5,0,5,7,7,0,5,5, ,9,,,,,,,,,,,9,7,,,,,,,,,,6,,,9,9,9,9,,7,,,,,,,9,9,9, 0,9,9,3,1,9,9,4,0,1,1,9,9,1,7,7,0,0,8,9,5,7,1,0,0,0,0,0,4,1,0,3,0,1,0,0,7,1,5,6,0,5